The Benefits of Yoga and Mindfulness on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1476 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/08/07 Category Sports Essay Level High school Topics: Yoga Essay Did you like this example? Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a mental health disorder that is triggered from experiencing or witnessing a terrifying or traumatic event which results in a person needing treatment from not being able to recover or cope from the incident. Psychotherapy is the primary treatment for PTSD, though more recently researchers have conducted studies to determine whether or not the practice of mindful meditation and yoga are beneficial in treatment of symptoms compared to other methods, which often present significant challenges. Mindful meditation incorporated with hatha yoga combines mindfulness through the combination of relaxation, breathing exercises, and movements that have been shown to alleviate hyper-arousal, intrusion, and avoidance symptoms. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Benefits of Yoga and Mindfulness on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder" essay for you Create order To validate this theory, participants were interviewed to determine if they met the diagnostic criteria for PTSD using the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), which was then followed by a 10 week yoga intervention and post assessment or interview to evaluate the impact on symptom-reduction. The results clearly indicated that treatment through yoga greatly reduced dysfunctional coping, avoidance, and overall stress. This was evident through participants being able to cultivate awareness and regulate arousal, in addition to ones search for novelty. The results of the studies provide evidence that therapy based on mindful meditation and yoga are essential in providing treatment for those suffering from posttraumatic stress. Keywords: mindfulness, yoga, posttraumatic stress disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder, or PTSD, is a mental health disorder that is triggered from experiencing or witnessing a terrifying or traumatic event which results in a person needing treatment from not being able to recover or cope from the incident. PTSD can develop as a result from dangerous events such as combat, sexual assault, a car accident, and natural disasters. Though in some cases people have developed PTSD from experiences like an unexpected or sudden death of a loved one, or a friend. In order to be diagnosed with PTSD, he or she must experience one re-experiencing and avoidance symptom, two arousal-reactivity symptoms, and two cognition-mood symptoms for at least a month or more (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, 2016). Re-experiencing symptoms generally cause issues throughout ones day, for they derive from a persons own thoughts and feelings. Often those suffering from PTSD will experience flashbacks to the event, reliving the trauma over in their head, or have bad drea ms that relate to the incident. For example, many people whom suffer from PTSD as related to combat are triggered by ceiling fans, thinking that they are helicopter blades. Avoidance symptoms are fairly self explanatory in the sense that those suffering simply avoid places, objects, and events that remind the of the incident. Avoidance symptoms impact the persons everyday life, for they change their routine in order to prevent being triggered, such as a women avoiding a certain street considering that was where she was sexually assaulted. Arousal-reactivity symptoms are when a person is consistently in a state of fear, or constantly being on edge, which result in angry outbursts and difficulty sleeping and eating. Lastly, there are cognition-mood symptoms that make the person alienated from friends and family due to the feelings of guilt and blame. Additionally those suffering often experience negative thoughts about themselves, often resulting in them relying on substances, or sink ing into a depression. Treating PTSD is often difficult, considering that everyone is different, and one form of treatment may not work for another. PTSD is usually treated through medication and psychotherapy, though the lack of integration between the self and the body expose issues in current methods of treatment. PTSD is a psychophysiological condition that warrants interventions that address both the physical and physiological symptoms of PTSD, and many treatments fail to direct attention to trauma that is held in the body and the mind (Johnston et al., 2015). Research has suggested that treatment for PTSD should focus on mindful meditation and yoga for it systematically approaches that incorporate both mental practices and physical poses to alleviate symptoms. Yoga has proven to be beneficial in reducing symptoms of PTSD through the combination of physical movement, breathing exercises, and relaxation. Over time research has shown that yoga has the ability to reduce musculoskeletal and mental tension, in addition to increasing both body and cognitive awareness all while helping people become more physically flexible. Breathing exercises taught and practiced in the studio aim to reduce stress and increase mindfulness through psychological and physiological change that modifies respiratory frequency. People with PTSD are low in inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma amino butyric acid (GABA), and coincidently GABA has been shown to increase in PTSD patients while practicing yoga (Johnston et al., 2015). Incorporated into yogic practice is mindful meditation, which has been shown to help people manage stressful situations by fully embracing their current life situation and help increase overall awareness. Qualities of mindfulness that benefit thos e struggling with PTSD include: acceptance, patience, trust, openness, and letting go (Snyder, Lopez Pedrotti, 2011). Practicing mindfulness and mindful meditation helps alleviate dysfunctional coping and avoidance symptoms with those diagnosed with PTSD, and provides individuals with the ability to manage their triggers and symptoms. The benefits of yoga and mindful meditation have been tested on people diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder to see whether or not the practices relieve symptoms. In 2015, Johnston et al. staged a yoga intervention to help service men and women participants suffering from PTSD increase awareness, release chronic tension and decrease maladaptive automatic reactions while inducing a state of relaxation to manage and diminish symptoms. The study was benchmarked against other interventions used on men and women in the service to see whether or not yoga has more positive results. Participants were recruited through flyers and advertisements, who would undergo a phone screening to see whether or not they were eligible for the study. Participants were then interviewed in person to ensure inclusion criteria was met, in which they would then undergo a Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) assessment. The study consisted of a 10-week yoga intervention that included poses, breathing s trategies, and mindful meditation, along with 15-min a day at home yoga practice. Instructors focused on cultivating mindful awareness in each poses to insure relaxation and responsiveness to the environment, rather then the participants displaying hyper-arousal and avoidance. When the study concluded participants were asked to complete self-report questionnaires and once again underwent a CAPS assessment. Results supported that yoga was a practical and successful intervention for PTSD as a result of a decrease in CAPS scores. Unfortunately, there were no significant findings on mindfulness likely due to a small sample size, and individual variation among participants (Johnston et al., 2015). Similarly, in 2017 West, Liang, and Spinazzola conducted a qualitative study to address treatment of PTSD following participation in a 10-week yoga program that focused primarily on trauma sensitive yoga. Participants were recruited through involvement in a previous study related to their PTSD. As previously stated the participants all mer the diagnostic criteria of PTSD, which was originally discovered through the CAPS assessment. Unlike the previous study mentioned, participants were required to also participate in psychotherapy to investigate whether yoga could target symptoms left untreated despite ongoing psychotherapy. In the interview prior to the yoga program participants were asked to describe their level of functioning. The program focused on the key elements practice in yoga; breathing and mindful silence and meditation. Additionally the program emphasized a sense of awareness, ownership, and befriending of ones own body. At the conclusion of the program, participants were interviewed using symptoms of PTSD and Organismic Valuing Theory (OVT) to describe the their experiences in treatment, in which they reflected on changes they observed in themselves. Researchers found that yoga and mindful meditation did in fact diminish participants symptoms of PTSD, in addition to learning how to control their stress and anxiety. A common theme researchers found through the interviews of the participants was that each displayed gratitude and compassion, relatedness, acceptance, centeredness, and empowerment. One of the authors Jennifer West coined the acronym G.R.A.C.E to explain the five themes. For example, centeredness was expressed by the participants having a new found ability to quiet their mind, be less reactive, and feel more positive; or acceptance which participants expressed in being able to accept their disorder and their lives and feel at peace. (West, Liang, Spinazzola, 2017). Treatment for PTSD should focus on mindful meditation and yoga for it systematically approaches that incorporate both mental practices and physical poses to alleviate symptoms. Future research should gather assessments from therapists on their clients change and growth throughout the 10-week yoga interventions. Further research is needed in order to clarify the role yoga and mindful meditation play in helping those whom suffer from PTSD recover. Moreover, research in yoga as it relates to PTSD is essential to positive psychology for its correlation to positive cognitive states and processes. Overall yoga and mindful meditation help elevate ones well-being and ultimate goal to achieve happiness.

Decidion Analysis Task 3 - 1098 Words

Decision Analysis Task3 A. Manufacturing the Samba Sneakers cost-effectively is very important for the organization. The best option for the organization would be to manufacture the sneaker with the lowest cost for every 1,000 sneaker produced The options to manufacture are: 1. Recondition the existing equipment with fixed cost of $50,000, variable cost of $1000 for every 1,000 sneaker. 2. Buy New Equipment with fixed cost of $200,000, variable cost of $500 for every 1,000 sneaker. 3. Outsource with no fixed cost, with variable cost of $3000 for every 1,000 sneaker. . Based on volume output the best option to cost-effectively manufacture the Samba Sneakers would be to buy New Equipment with fixed cost of $200,000, variable†¦show more content†¦Based on past data, the current control limit for the organization is 99.73% for this process, with the random selection of 16 soles over a 15 hour period for a size 10. Therefore, in order to improve quality we must set up control limits for sample means using standard deviation. The random selection of 16 soles we must find the overall mean to calculate its control limits. The average length in the sample size can be determined by adding the lengths and dividing them by the total number of samples 10+10.3+10.2+10.1+10+10+10.2+10+9.9+10+9.8+10+10.8+10.6+9.7/15=10.11 The average mean of the samples size are 10.11 Now that the average mean size has been determined, we must determine the UCL upper control limits and the LCL lower control limits. The UCL = x+zox= 10.375 The LCL = x-zox=9.625 Based on the UCL of 10.375 and the LCL of 9.625, samples that fall out of the range are consider to be out of control. The current Control Limits for Shoe Sole Height Samples are between 9.625 and 10.375. Some selections within the 15 hour period fall out the upper and lower control limits. The samples are out of control within the hours of 13 and 14. . As a result, the work for hours 13 and 14 should be examined to control limits. Control charts allow the organization to randomly measure selected shoes to determine if the process are within the organizations control limits. Trends for the Control

The American Education System Has Changed Since The...

The American education system has been transforming since the founding of the country in 1776. For most of the beginning of the country’s life, education was reserved for those who could afford to send their children to England to get a proper education. When education systems started to form in America, it was still a majority of white males from wealth that were the only students. Many colonial families thought it not necessary to go to school to become educated. Parents served as educators for their children and taught them what they thought they needed to know. Additionally, education was also sought through apprenticeships. These were often distinguished by sex, and girls were only ever an apprentice for a seamstress (Kerber, L.K.). It was often promised that boys would learn reading, writing and arithmetic while females were not. In areas of New England, the preacher acted as the teacher. Many children from Puritan and Quaker backgrounds were taught to read by their mothers as it was engrained in their religion that children should be able to read the bible (Kerber, L.K.). In early American history, women who knew how to read would often teach their children and neighbor children how to read. From this, the beginning of private schools began, where women would begin to teach children how to read (Kerber, L.K). These schools were mainly independent of a sys tem, but were one of a few ways for women to work for pay. Many women had to field complaints that taking onShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams1130 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the time our Founding Fathers introduced the idea of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, many individuals are now craving to achieve their idea of the American Dream. The American Dream has changed dramatically over the few centuries. 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Analysis Of Dulce Et Decorum Est By Wilfred Owen

Dulce Et Decorum Est This poem is a reflection of the nightmarish experience that Wilfred Owen had encountered during his experiences fighting in France during WW1. This poem deals with both sadness and loss. The actual form of this poem consists of a rhyme scheme that goes ABAB CDCD EFEF. The meter of the poem consists of five beats that contain a short, unstressed syllable followed along by a longer, stressed syllable. Therefore, the meter of this poem is an iambic pentameter. EX: Knock kneed | cough ing | like hags | we cursed | through sludge (line 2) The speaker of this poem is the author Wilfred Owen, a veteran of WW1 who has been scarred, falling victim to the traumatizing images that war can bring, along with the nightmarish†¦show more content†¦This, in turn allows the horrific images that he uses and metaphoric relations to stand out. In the second verse, the rhythm quickly begins to accelerate and speed up as the situation changes, giving a more frantic feel, as if there is no time to dawdle, a common feel during a crisis of war. The images from this stanza are indications that the tempo of the poem is rapid, as if someone had set a metronome to a much faster pace. One instance of this is when Owen recites, â€Å"Gas! Gas! Quick, boys† – an ecstasy of fumbling† and â€Å"As under a green sea, I saw him drowning†. The third verse, the longest of the three unveils the pinnacle of what every soldier during time of war is thinking, and Owen digs into deep detail with attempting to portray thi s in his poem. In order to portray the function of the poem, he uses phrases such as: â€Å"If in some smothering dreams, you too could pace. Behind the wagon that we fling him in.† in order to describe the anger in his voice. One common theme in this verse is the recurrence of a line with â€Å"if you could†. I took this as if he is saying that war is great, but look at the toll it takes to the soldiers. Here, he is hinting at the gruesome images that soldiers encounter. This verse greatly emphasises theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen Essay485 Words   |  2 PagesAnalysis of Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen In the poem, Dulce et Decorum Est written by Wilfred Owen, the speaker appears to be a soldier in the army, warning young people eager for war, â€Å"children ardent for some desperate glory,† that war is not what it seems. The soldier explains to the reader through first hand experience that fighting for one’s country is not as glorious a task as it may appear to be. One shouldn’t believe the lie that is told about how itRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen795 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of Dulce Et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen The First World War saw the introduction of many new warfare technologies across its theatres due to industrial competition between rival nations. One of the most feared weapons amongst soldiers on both sides was gas. The usage of chlorine, phosgene and mustard gas caused the death of thousands of men by suffocation. Wilfred Owens poem Dulce Et Decorum Est gives a detailed description of a soldier dying from a gas attackRead MoreAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s Poem Dulce Et Decorum Est1692 Words   |  7 Pagesare now studying Protest and Resistance poetry. The protest poem ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, written by Wilfred Owen, challenges the dominant World War One ideologies of militarism and nationalism. You will find that this poem is a great example as it defies the dominant values and beliefs of war in Britain. Wilfred Owen Let’s discuss the poet. Wilfred Owen was one of the leading voices of the first world war. In January 1917, Owen was deployed but he was innocent to the realism of war. In April,Read MoreAnalysis Of Dulce Et Decorum Est By Wilfred Owen736 Words   |  3 PagesDulce et Decorum Est, a poem by Wilfred Owen, explores the numerous horrors and cruel difficulties of WWI. It is a painful, emotional and blunt depiction of the horrible conditions and distressing experiences which had a permanent effect on the soldiers. â€Å" Dulce et Decorum est† is short for the Latin saying â€Å" Dulce est Decorum est Pro Patria Mori† which translates to, â€Å" It is sweet and honorable to die for your country.†. Owen seeks to persuade the reader that it is far from honorable to die forRead MoreAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s Dulce Et Decorum Est938 Words   |  4 Pagessocial aspects thanks to many of the war poets during that time period. Wilfred Owen is known to be one of the most famous war poets during the twentieth century especially during the First World War when he wrote â€Å"Dulce et Decor um Est†. His poem details the horrors these soldiers faced in the trenches during World War 1 and conveys the hidden meaning that â€Å"it is sweet and honorable† to die for one’s country is untrue. Owen is able to deliver his message and express his ideas against this cruel warRead MoreAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s Dulce Et Decorum Est994 Words   |  4 Pageswill continue to haunt them. The memories of killing, friends being killed, almosts, etc. War contains many horrors like these. The saying, â€Å"Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori,† was once believed; it means that it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country. Because Wilfred Owen knew the horrors, he opposes this saying in his poem â€Å"Dulce Et Decorum Est.† The narrator provides vivid images of his experience in WWI which includes both the exhaustion the soldiers endured while walking to their nextRead MoreAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s `` Dulce Et Decorum Est ``1256 Words   |  6 PagesWilfred Owen is remembered as one of the greatest poets to capture the war in words. His work was described as â€Å"the finest written by any English poet of the first War and probably the greatest poems about war in our literature† (Lewis 11) despite him only having had 4 poems published in his lifetime, though he did write many more. His poems truly did capture the terror and harsh truth of the hardships the soldiers faced in the trenches everyday during World War I, evident in â€Å"Du lce Et Decorum Est†Read MoreAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s Dulce Et Decorum Est1015 Words   |  5 PagesWilfred Owen was born in Oswestry, England, on March 18, 1893. He became widely recognized as a British poet for his experience and impressions upon World War I. He was the eldest out of the four in his family. His father worked on the railway, and his mother was strict in her religious beliefs, yet still had affection for her children. At Owen’s christian household, they practiced biblical themes and teachings. They seem to be a very close-knit family and protect each other. He also utilized ChristianRead MorePoem Analysis : Dulce Et Decorum Est Written By Wilfred Owen1507 Words   |  7 Pagesof hell and opens a vein that bleeds a nation to death.† World War one has affected each and every one of us. Death did not only affect the afflicted with it, but also the ones surrounded by it. This is clearly shown in the poem Dulce ET Decorum EST written by Wilfred O wen. The author has portrayed this idea through the clever use of several language techniques with the main ones being metaphors, similes and onomatopoeia which will be covered throughout the rest of the essay. Through the use of theseRead MoreAnalysis Of Wilfred Owen s Anthem For Doomed Youth And Dulce Et Decorum Est1224 Words   |  5 Pagesa time afterwards. Wilfred Owen was a poet who became well renowned after World War I where he unfortunately died in battle. Anthem for Doomed Youth (Anthem) and Dulce Et Decorum Est (Dulce) by Wilfred Owen both portray various themes including horrors of war, the futility of war and the pity and sadness of war. War is full of horrendous acts that every side of war commits, even if it is for their own reasons which to them seem honourable, but Owen tells a different story. Dulce depicts the many terrors

Major Events That Led to the American Revolution Free Essays

# Major Events That Led to the American Revolution:~ The road to revolution built slowly over time. Many events fed the growing desire of the thirteen colonies for independence. Following are the major events that led to the Revolution. We will write a custom essay sample on Major Events That Led to the American Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢1754-1763 – French and Indian War – This war was between Britain and France. -British, colonists and Native Americans allies fought French And Native American French . -Great Britain’s national debt nearly doubled during the war. -British expected Americans to help pay for protection. The war lasted 9 years. †¢1764 – Sugar Act -This act raised revenue by increasing duties on sugar imported from the West Indies. -Duty on sugar and molasses not obtained from Britain. -Smuggling cased tried in Great Britain. †¢1765 – Stamp Act This required tax stamps on many items and documents including playing cards, newspapers, and marriage licenses. Prime Minister George Grenville stated that this direct tax was intended for the colonies to pay for defense. Previous taxes imposed by Britain had been indirect, or hidden. 1767 – Townshend Acts -These taxes were imposed to help make the colonial officials independent of the colonists and incl uded duties on glass, paper, and tea. Smugglers increased their activities to avoid the tax leading to more troops in Boston. -Money used to pay royal government. -No Taxation Without Representation. †¢1770 – Boston Massacre -The colonists and British soldiers openly clashed in Boston. This event was used as an example of British cruelty despite questions about how it actually occurred. British open fire killing 5 Americans. -Parliament canceled the Townshend duties. †¢1773 – Boston Tea Party -British sold tea even more cheaply than smuggled tea. -Colonists dressed up as Mohawks. -Colonists board tea ships -Tea was dumped over board. †¢1774 – Intolerable Acts -These were passed in response to the Boston Tea Party and placed restrictions on the colonists including outlawing town meetings and the closing of Boston Harbor. -British official in trouble sent to Great Britain for trail. How to cite Major Events That Led to the American Revolution, Essay examples

Critically Reflect on Negotiation and Conflict Management

Question: Describe, analyse and critically reflect upon a conflict and/or negotiation in which you have recently been involved. The conflict and/or negotiation should preferably be one that occurred in your workplace or an organisational setting? Answer: Executive Summary The majority of the employees have to deal with the conflict at some point or the other which sometimes can turn to be serious event in the organisation. The conflicts are seen mostly in the front-line roles /entry-level employees of the organisations. But sometimes the conflicts are also found at the senior level of the management (Mathis Jackson, 2011). The conflicts happen when there is a clash between the personalities in the workplace. It so happened that the interference of people in others work and unable to progress due to the others action is often seen as a source of conflict in the organisation (Warring Egos, Toxic Individuals, Feeble Leadership, 2015). It must be kept in the mind that if the conflict is not resolved it can escalate the situation and can lead to dangerous workplace. It is in my opinion that the conflict with the employees of the organisation must be resolved to the earliest by bringing the two parties together and identifying the problems or the issues an d discussing about the situation so that the problem does not go out of the hand, and the working condition of the organisation is not disturbed. Introduction What is workplace conflict? It can be said that the conflicts in the workplace can be perceived as the actual clash between the groups and the individuals in the organisation. It can be said that the conflicts in the organisations in the workplace arise due to many reasons such as how people should work in te organisation and how they should behave in the organisation, about the roles they play and the amount of their remuneration (Jeong, 2008). The employees of the organisation expect some sort of behaviour and responsibility from the people. The extent to which these expectations are fulfilled or being clashed will result in whether there is a workplace conflict or not in the organisation. The conflict in the organisation can be better understood by the following situation that I have encountered recently in a public library. Caleb Billings is a librarian by profession at a Public Library. He has shown his interest for the post of Associate Director in the library that has recently come up.He is very much confident of his experience and the qualifications and felt certain that the director of the library, Jack Williams, will appoint him without any hesitation (Conflictandpower.tripod.com, 2015).Instead of Caleb, Jack hires newcomer Cassie Stiles.He does not talk about his conclusion with Caleb, nor does he update Cassie of the state of affairs until shes already on the job and has sensed Calebs resentment.Cassie attempted to talk about the condition with Caleb but he does not cooperate and refused to be even friendlier or social to her.For the next few years, Caleb does all sorts of things in his authority to make Cassies work complicated. This has affected not only the employees of the library, but also everyone who was functioning around them.Jacks effort to remain unbiased by avoiding the clash entirel y doesnt aid the condition and contributes to the deteriorating of the whole organization.In the end, Cassie left her job to join another library and Caleb was by no means promoted. Analysis It needs to be seen here that the conflict has happened over a long period of time. The lack of communication among the people in the library was the source of the entire problem in the library. Caleb and jack had the chance to sort out the matter by discussing or taking the opinion of each other, but they did not do so. From the beginning it was clear r that Jack and Caleb had differences and Caleb needed to discuss the matter with Jack about the kind of person he was looking for the post of Associate Director (Conflictandpower.tripod.com, 2015). Moreover it was seen that jack hired a new comer for that post who was unaware of the fact that Caleb was a probable candidate for his post. Jack did not warn her of probable resentment and annoyance from Caleb.Cassie tries to discuss the situation with Caleb about the conflict in which they were at the moment but nothing paved to the situation. She has also tried to show empathy to Caleb but he was not moved by her actions. He was in so mu ch anger that he not only did not want to discuss the situation, but also tried to make her career in the library a hell, though she was not responsible for the whole conflicting situation. The extent of the situation was that Caleb was after ruining the career of Cassie. He even punished and blamed her for taking his place.He turned the condition into an interpersonal rivalry. Even jack tried to avoid the conflict to be on the safe side. Eventually no one was benefitted from the situation. Cassie left the job and even after that Caleb was not promoted to the position of Associate Director of the library. It was because of the situation that was created between Jack and Caleb. Better management of conflict at an initial stage might have made improvements in the condition of the library, the relationships among the employees within it, and it could possibly have enhanced Calebs future in the library (Workplace Conflict Resolution, 2015). Critical and Reflective Discussion The signs of conflict in an organisation There are certain signs which will indicate that there are certain tensions of conflict that are going on in the organisation (Avgar, 2010). It might so happen that there is a heated situation in the workplace or a meeting between the employees and the managers may turn into a standoff. Before the actual conflict takes place, there are certain tense situations in the work place. The colleagues or the employees might feel unhappy or there might be certain issues that may be troubling them (Boulle, 2015). The symptoms are: Motivation drops- the people will not engage with the work and take fewer tasks in hand. Behaviour changes- the employees start making derogatory comments towards the other employees. Productivity falls- the productivity of the employees as well as the organisation falls and there arises complaints from the management. Sickness absence- people starts taking more sick leaves. It is due to the fact that the people may be suffering from stress or depression The sources of conflict Some of the issues that can give rise to conflict between groups and individuals at work include: Poor management of the organisation. Inadequate training of the employees. Unfair treatment or discrimination Unclear work roles in the organisation Poor communications Harassment and Bullying. Poor work environment in the organisation Lack of equal opportunities for the employees In Context of the Situation of the Library Case Departmentalization Departmentalization is an aspect that may generate conflict (Deutsch Coleman, 2000).Merging the departments of the organization as to save the costs might lead to troubles involving the relationships among the staffs, the hierarchy of the organizations and conflicting goals among them.In one example, a library division was split into two distinct entities, in part, in order to manage the conflicts amongst the employees. The other aspects of departmentalization can be just as destructive.Struggle for limited or restricted resources such as equipment or space may lead to feelings of disbelieve or a disobedience of ones field. Miscommunication In most of the workplace conflict it can be found that the most devastating cause of which can lead to the conflict. The communication barriers can often lead to misleading activities as well as wrong assessment of the persons. Miscommunication could also cause a distorted opinion of things, such as the works that the employees perform.Managers who do not have the time to study what their staffs do may build up impractical goals. Misunderstanding and miscommunication can happen at all levels of the organisation (Goodwin Midlane, 2002). Various departments doing the same project but given a different deadline can often lead to conflict. Like in the case of the library, there is a communication gap between the employees of the library. Here Jack does not communicate about the need of the post of the library to Caleb; whereas Caleb was sure that the post would be given to him. No one was clear about the needs and the thoughts of the others as there was a huge communication gap between the two which ultimately led to the hampering of the work of the library. Interpersonal conflict The interpersonal relationship among the employees is another source of conflict. In some cases, interpersonal conflicts are the reasons which if left untreated can develop into larger organizational and departmental conflicts.It is the most general type of conflict which is found in the organisation and also in libraries and sometimes it can even result in violence (Jeong, 2008). Religious beliefs Gender issues, personality clashes and racism are all sources of interpersonal conflict.Conflicts of interest are also a cause of workplace conflict, particularly when they are related to the job.An employee who is contending for a higher-level post may feel vulnerable by co-workers having the need for the same job.The fear of losing the job or losing power of a specific job duty can cause a secretive or distrust behaviour.An impression of caring may add fuel to a clash if employees sense that their colleagues are being professionally or personally attacked by other employees. Management of the conflict in the workplace The conflict in the organisation can be managed by developing certain strategies. The strategy thus developed must be in consultation with the managers as well as the employees. There are certain issues that need to be resolved before handling the conflicts in the organisation. The steps as to how the conflict should be managed needs to be sorted (Warring Egos, Toxic Individuals, Feeble Leadership, 2015). The procedures, the timings and the role to be played by the managers, needs to be briefed out at the beginning of process of the management of the conflict. Have a quiet word In many conflicts when the situation shifts from the formal to the informal then the situation can be handled easily. The informal stage often involves the employees to having a simple talk with each other in the organisation. Even the listening of the problems of the people in the organisations can solve the problem (Kupchan, 2010). Giving the people of the organisation some space and time to express their feelings can often remove the tense situations in the hand. Collaboration as it can be said is viewed as a method of problem solving or negotiation. Investigate informally The decisions in the organisations should not be taken with haste and on instincts. Time should be taken while any decision is taken. Relevant information should be taken by talking with the employees (Lebedun, 2015). For example the managers might ask the employee about his absent records. Even talking with the colleagues of the employees might be of help to the mangers as they can get an insight to the problem that the individual is facing. Mediation Mediation is a type of interference where a mediator is introduced to manage the discussions of the employees of the organization (Shallcross, Ramsay Barker, 2013).This can become successful as long as all members view the negotiator as neutral and as someone they can rely on.However, it should be kept in the mind that the mediation should come just when it is evident that the parties had tried to sort the situation and failed to work together on their own. Compromise Compromise allows the employees to feel a sense of impartiality and unity for a common goal, and for which everybody must have the same opinion about (Managing conflict at work, 2015).Every party to the clash sacrifices a little for the general gain, producing a no loser or winner situation.Equal amounts of confident and supportive behavior are seen in this form of conflict management (Saundry Wibberley, 2015). Conclusion and Recommendations It is crucial that the managers must know how to run the organisations and the workforce in the organisation. Effective managing of the organisation can lead to a healthy working environment and minimisation of the conflict within the employees of the organisation (Nixon, 2005). It must also to be kept in the mind that some sort of conflict is necessary for the employees and the organisation, and it can be even beneficial for the organisation if it is handled properly and appropriately. Established policies and open lines of communication are the measures which can be used to prevent the conflict the situation should be such in every organization, including the libraries (Managing conflict at work: A guide for line managers, 2015).Preventative measures that are taken do not always remove the conflict, but they try establishing an environment that is favourable to the managing of the conflict.Managers with the right amount of information, skills and knowledge can turn nearly any confl ict into fruitful expansion for the company. The attitude of the supervisors towards the resolution of the conflict determines whether the conflict is favourable for the group or the organization. It can be said that, the way a person manage conflict within the organisation will direct the future of the organisation. Reference List Avgar, A. (2010). Negotiated capital: conflict, its resolution, and workplace social capital.International Journal of Conflict Management, 21(3), pp.236-259. Boulle, L. (2015).Managing Workplace Conflict Alternative Dispute Resolution in Australia. [online] Epublications.bond.edu.au. Available at: https://epublications.bond.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1355context=adr [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Conflictandpower.tripod.com, (2015).Conflict and Power Struggle in the Workplace. [online] Available at: https://conflictandpower.tripod.com/id1.html [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Deutsch, M. and Coleman, P. (2000).The handbook of conflict resolution. San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass. Goodwin, D. and Midlane, M. (2002).Negotiation in international conflict. London: F. Cass. Jeong, H. (2008).Understanding conflict and conflict analysis. Los Angeles: SAGE. Kupchan, C. (2010).How enemies become friends. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Lebedun, J. (2015).Managing Workplace Conflict. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.trainingsolutions.com/pdf/wpconflict.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Managing conflict at work. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/h/5/Managing_Conflict_at_Work_December_2009.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Managing conflict at work: A guide for line managers. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.cardiff.ac.uk/humrs/staffinfo/organisationaldevelopment/leadership/dashboard/Managing%20Conflict%20at%20Work%20-%20a%20guide%20for%20line%20managers.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Mathis, R. and Jackson, J. (2011).Human resource management. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-western. Nixon, P. (2005).Negotiation. Singapore: Wiley. Saundry, R. and Wibberley, G. (2015).Workplace dispute resolution and the management of individual conflict. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.acas.org.uk/media/pdf/q/a/0614-Workplace-Dispute-Resolution-Thematic-Review.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Shallcross, L., Ramsay, S. and Barker, M. (2013). Severe Workplace Conflict: The Experience of Mobbing.Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 6(3), pp.191-213. Warring Egos, Toxic Individuals, Feeble Leadership. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.psychometrics.com/docs/conflictstudy_09.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015]. Workplace Conflict Resolution. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.businessmanagementdaily.com/res/BMD/Free-Reports/WorkplaceConflictResolution.pdf [Accessed 10 Mar. 2015].

Sonnet 291 Essay Example For Students

Sonnet 291 Essay Explication of â€Å"Sonnet 29†The reader can find Shakespeare’s dilemma in the first two stanzas. His problem is quite clear: he is lonely and depressed. As an outcast of society, he feels unlucky and thinks that there is no hope for him. Not even God can help him. Money and riches he does not desire; all he asks for is to be liked by others. He also admires other men’s writing talent and knowledge, which he feels he does not have. Shakespeare offers the solution to his problem in the third and fourth stanza. Telling of the man to whom he writes this sonnet to, Shakespeare says that when he feels downhearted, he can look toward him. When he looks upon the man, it makes him feel complete. Like the bird that wakes early to sing to the heavens, the man seems to wash away Shakespeare’s anguish and misery. This sonnet is a perfect example of an English Sonnet, characterized by three quatrains followed by a single couplet. The end rhyme in such sonnets is as follows: ABABCDCDEFEFGG. The meter in this specific sonnet, for the most part, is iambic pentameter. However, lines 3, 9, and 11 include an extra syllable. The author uses simile in lines 4, 5, and 11. In line 11, â€Å"break of day† can be classified as a dead metaphor. The only assonance found in this Sonnet is in line 7: â€Å"†¦man’s art and that man’s scope,†. There is also one line that shows consonance, it is line 9: â€Å"Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,†. Bibliography: